# BPC-157 TB-500 References: The Cited Studies and FDA Sources

> BPC-157 TB-500 references: the peer-reviewed studies and FDA pages cited across this site, with DOIs, PubMed links, and the FDA 503A and PCAC source URLs.

Peer-reviewed studies with DOIs and PubMed links, plus the FDA pages that establish the 503A status and the July 2026 review.

## How to read this list

Every inline marker on this site — [1], [2], and so on — resolves to a numbered entry below. Peptide findings are drawn from the peer-reviewed literature; the regulatory facts on the [Wolverine legal status and FDA 503A category](/legal-status) page are drawn from FDA pages verified to contain the cited entries. Where a study used full-length Thymosin Beta-4 rather than the TB-500 heptapeptide, that distinction is noted in the body text where the citation appears.

## References

[1] Staresinic M, et al. Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 accelerates healing of transected rat Achilles tendon and in vitro stimulates tendocytes growth. J Orthop Res. 2003;21(6):976-983. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14554208/
[2] Hsieh MJ, et al. Therapeutic potential of pro-angiogenic BPC157 is associated with VEGFR2 activation and up-regulation. J Mol Med (Berl). 2017;95:323-333. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27847966/
[3] Irobi E, et al. Structural basis of actin sequestration by thymosin-beta4: implications for WH2 proteins. EMBO J. 2004;23(18):3599-3608. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15329672/
[4] Goldstein AL, Hannappel E, Sosne G, Kleinman HK. Thymosin beta4: a multi-functional regenerative peptide. Basic properties and clinical applications. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2012;12(1):37-51. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22074294/
[5] Cha HJ, Jeong MJ, Kleinman HK. Role of thymosin beta4 in tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003;95(22):1674-1680. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14625258/
[6] Spurney CF, et al. Evaluation of skeletal and cardiac muscle function after chronic administration of thymosin beta-4 in the dystrophin deficient mouse. PLoS One. 2010;5(1):e8976. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20126456/
[7] Esposito S, et al. Synthesis and characterization of the N-terminal acetylated 17-23 fragment of thymosin beta 4 identified in TB-500, a product suspected to possess doping potential. Drug Test Anal. 2012;4(9):733-738. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22962027/
[8] Emerging Use of BPC-157 in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: A Systematic Review. HSS J. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40756949/
[9] Mendias CL, Awan TM. Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance. Sports Med. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41966639/
[10] Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal Healing. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40789979/
[11] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Certain Bulk Drug Substances for Use in Compounding That May Present Significant Safety Risks (list entries for BPC-157 and "Thymosin beta-4, fragment (LKKTETQ), also known as TB-500"; Category 2, effective with the September 29, 2023 update). Verified 2026-05-29. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/certain-bulk-drug-substances-use-compounding-may-present-significant-safety-risks
[12] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. July 23-24, 2026: Meeting of the Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee (BPC-157 and TB-500 listed as bulk drug substances being considered for inclusion on the 503A Bulks List). Verified 2026-05-29. https://www.fda.gov/advisory-committees/advisory-committee-calendar/july-23-24-2026-meeting-pharmacy-compounding-advisory-committee-07232026
[13] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Bulk Drug Substances Used in Compounding Under Section 503A of the FD&C Act (Section 503A/503B framework; Category 1 and Category 2 definitions). Verified 2026-05-29. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/bulk-drug-substances-used-compounding-under-section-503a-fdc-act

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A pastel night-sketchbook of the BPC-157 and TB-500 record — each peptide doodled gently against its own studies, the untested combination left as a blank page, and the FDA 503A status drawn in before anything else; no clinic behind the notebook and nothing here dispensed or sold.