Wolverine Compound

the record ~ every claim, sourced

BPC-157 TB-500 references: the full source list behind every number on this site.

Peer-reviewed studies with DOIs and PubMed links, plus the FDA pages that establish the 503A status and the July 2026 review.

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How to read this list

Every inline marker on this site — [1], [2], and so on — resolves to a numbered entry below. Peptide findings are drawn from the peer-reviewed literature; the regulatory facts on the Wolverine legal status and FDA 503A category page are drawn from FDA pages verified to contain the cited entries. Where a study used full-length Thymosin Beta-4 rather than the TB-500 heptapeptide, that distinction is noted in the body text where the citation appears.

  1. Staresinic M, et al. Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 accelerates healing of transected rat Achilles tendon and in vitro stimulates tendocytes growth. J Orthop Res. 2003;21(6):976-983. ↗
  2. Hsieh MJ, et al. Therapeutic potential of pro-angiogenic BPC157 is associated with VEGFR2 activation and up-regulation. J Mol Med (Berl). 2017;95:323-333. ↗
  3. Irobi E, et al. Structural basis of actin sequestration by thymosin-beta4: implications for WH2 proteins. EMBO J. 2004;23(18):3599-3608. ↗
  4. Goldstein AL, Hannappel E, Sosne G, Kleinman HK. Thymosin beta4: a multi-functional regenerative peptide. Basic properties and clinical applications. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2012;12(1):37-51. ↗
  5. Cha HJ, Jeong MJ, Kleinman HK. Role of thymosin beta4 in tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003;95(22):1674-1680. ↗
  6. Spurney CF, et al. Evaluation of skeletal and cardiac muscle function after chronic administration of thymosin beta-4 in the dystrophin deficient mouse. PLoS One. 2010;5(1):e8976. ↗
  7. Esposito S, et al. Synthesis and characterization of the N-terminal acetylated 17-23 fragment of thymosin beta 4 identified in TB-500, a product suspected to possess doping potential. Drug Test Anal. 2012;4(9):733-738. ↗
  8. Emerging Use of BPC-157 in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: A Systematic Review. HSS J. 2025. ↗
  9. Mendias CL, Awan TM. Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance. Sports Med. 2026. ↗
  10. Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal Healing. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2025. ↗
  11. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Certain Bulk Drug Substances for Use in Compounding That May Present Significant Safety Risks (list entries for BPC-157 and "Thymosin beta-4, fragment (LKKTETQ), also known as TB-500"; Category 2, effective with the September 29, 2023 update). Verified 2026-05-29. ↗
  12. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. July 23-24, 2026: Meeting of the Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee (BPC-157 and TB-500 listed as bulk drug substances being considered for inclusion on the 503A Bulks List). Verified 2026-05-29. ↗
  13. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Bulk Drug Substances Used in Compounding Under Section 503A of the FD&C Act (Section 503A/503B framework; Category 1 and Category 2 definitions). Verified 2026-05-29. ↗